tailieunhanh - Longman grammar of spoken and written english part 83

Tham khảo tài liệu 'longman grammar of spoken and written english part 83', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Appendix Contractions Verb contraction td Negative contraction compared with verb contraction Corpus distribution verb contraction Corpus distribution negative contraction Corpus distribution negative contraction v verb contraction There are two major classes of contraction in English verb contraction she s going and not-contraction . couldn t go . In addition there are a large number of structural reductions common in speech but not normally represented in writing Djeet yet for Did you eat yeti . In this appendix we briefly survey the structural options for the two major types of contraction found in both spoken and written registers and then present corpus findings describing their grammatical distributions see also . Verb contraction Verb contraction occurs with the primary verbs be and have as well as with the modal verbs will and would-. Table Contracted forms of primary verbs main verb ar auxiliary present tense past tense 1st person 2nd person 3rd person plural be am m are - re 3rd person singular is - s have have Ve have - ve has - s had - d modal verbs will - 11 would - d Past tense forms of be . was were cannot be contracted probably because they would be easily confused with the present tense forms s and re . Have is rarely contracted when it is a main verb as in I ve no idea while the contraction of third person has and past tense had when they occur as a main verb is extremely rare. The contractions s and d are ambiguous with representing is or has and d representing had or would . In addition s has two other uses representing the object pronoun us in the contracted form let s and representing does following wh question words . What s he want . Because contracted has and had are almost always followed by a past participle form . they function as perfect aspect markers the intended meaning of these ambiguous forms is usually transparent in context. For example That s not true conv That is It s got a .