tailieunhanh - The Complete Guide to the TOEFL IBT part 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the complete guide to the toefl ibt part 3', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 26 Section 2 Guide to Listening Sometimes the images weren t so . . . so obvious. For example there were signs that pictured an American Indian a Turkish sultan a let s see an exotic Cuban lady and a racetrack gambler. All of these images symbolized the same kind of shop . . . tobacco shops. At the time people instantly recognized these symbols. Maybe they couldn t read but they had what s called visual literacy. Visual literacy. These symbols were as meaningful to them . . . well just like today we know we can get hamburgers and French fries when we see golden arches . . . it was the same sort of thing. Sometimes signs contained political messages. There was an inn in Philadelphia called King s Inn and its sign showed a picture of King George III on a horse. Well this was just before the Revolutionary War and George III wasn t too popular with the colonists . . . they weren t real fond of him. So the king is pictured on this sign as a clumsy fool practically falling off his horse. Oh another thing to keep in mind back in Colonial times many streets didn t have names and most buildings didn t have numbers . . . street addresses. Trade signs served as landmarks. People would say Meet me by the sign of the Lion and the Eagle or by the sign of the Dancing Bear . . . If you go to the exhibit and you look at the trade signs you ll notice that there are almost no plaques that tell you who painted the signs. There are maybe three four signed pieces in the show the sign-painter William Rice of Hartford Connecticut was one of the few who signed his work. A few of the signs in the exhibit were done by fairly well-known portrait artists . . . Horace Bundy Rufus Hathaway who made signs for extra money. Their styles are distinctive and the signs they made can be easily identified. But most of the sign painters . . . they were mostly itinerant artists traveling from town to town on horseback painting a few signs in each town . . . anyway their names have been long forgotten. .