tailieunhanh - Oxford Guide to English

No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Oxford University Press. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's. | OXFORD GUIDE TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR Oxford University Press Walton Street Oxford 0X2 6DP Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto with an associated company in Berlin OXFORD and OXFORD ENGLISH are trade marks of Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 431351 4 paperback ISBN 0 19 431334 4 hardback Oxford University Press 1994 First published 1994 Seventh impression 2002 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Oxford University Press. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise be lent resold hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Illustrated by Heather Clarke Typeset in Utopia by Tradespools Ltd Frome Somerset Printed in Hong Kong Contents Introduction VII Acknowledgements VIII Key to symbols IX Sentence and text 1 English grammar 1 2 The simple sentence 6 3 Statements questions imperatives and exclamations 15 4 Questions and answers 25 5 Leaving out and replacing words 42 6 Information and emphasis 52 7 Spoken English and written English 64 Verb forms 8 The verb phrase 75 9 Verb tenses and aspects 82 10 The future 95 11 Be have and do 104 12 Modal verbs 113 13 The passive 130 Infinitive gerund and participles 14 The infinitive 144 15 The gerund 159 16 Participles 167 The noun phrase 17 Nouns and noun phrases 175 18 Agreement 191 19 The articles a an and the 198 20 Possessives and demonstratives 213 21 Quantifiers 219 22 .