tailieunhanh - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 97

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 97', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | IV. Direct and indirect binding in when-clauses 665 Figure . The temporal structure of He said he had bought it when he had been going to get that salary increase. Figure by using an absolute past tense form in the head clause instead of a past perfect. The following are some attested examples Sheila . felt a cold shudder creeping along her spine. She felt just as she did as a young girl when she had once answered the phone for her father. LSW From a locked drawer she took out a large German revolver. Basil had given it to her . . It was loaded when he had brought it to her and was loaded now. FORG But today she was genuinely concerned. John had been sick twice during the night and was lying shivering and sweating when she had called him at . LBW The same phenomenon can also be observed in restrictive relative clauses that form part of a time adverbial Peter Moran looked if not dirty scruffy. On each occasion Charles had seen him his hair needed a wash. TSM It was on one of those evenings when Tim had expressed his envy of those who own their homes that he suggested he too should buy a flat. LOD The context makes it clear that the suggestion was made during the discussion in which Tim expressed his envy and not after it in other words that the two situations were W-simulta-neous. What renders the use of an absolute past tense form in the head clause acceptable is the fact that for pragmatic reasons the situation time of the head clause can only be interpreted as W-simultaneous with the situation time of the when-clause. Since the tense form of the when-clause locates the situation time of the when-clause as T-anterior to a past orientation time this means that the situation time of the head clause must also be interpreted as anterior to this 666 13. Adverbial when-clauses and the use of tenses orientation time irrespective of whether the tense form of the head clause expresses that anteriority using a past perfect or not using an absolute past .