tailieunhanh - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 96

As a linguistic study, the book is an exploration of how one framework can account for tense in English, rather than a comparative study of other analyses or a comparison of our analysis with the analyses of other authors. Because of this, unless a particular analysis or argument is specifically attributable to one author, there arc few references to competing analyses, or to the huge number of books and articles dealing with tense in English. | 658 13. Adverbial when-clauses and the use of tenses and because when the situation time of the head clause is T-anterior to the contained orientation time of the head clause it is often more natural to use by the time that than to use when. Another thing worth noting is that in configurations 1 3 the when-clause is used as a situation-time adverbial. In configurations 4 9 it is used as an orientation-time In the above examples a form involving be going to is used in the when-clause whenever the situation time of the when-clause is to be represented as T-posterior to the contained orientation time of the when-clause viz. in configurations 3 8 and 9 . The reason for this is that we cannot normally use will or would to represent this T-posteriority relation. We must use a form of be going to or of a similar futurish form see like be about to be on the point of etc. The same restriction applies to the head clause if the situation time of the head clause is to be represented as T-posterior to the contained orientation time of the head clause viz. in configurations 5 7 and 9 . This means that it is a general rule that a tense form expressing T-posteriority in one of the above nine configurations must involve an auxiliary with prospective Jespersen 1932 361 2 meaning i. e. an auxiliary which is not so much used to make a prediction as to represent a future situation as anticipated i. e. as having its roots in the present see .7 The reason for this restriction is that in the relevant configurations it is not the situation time of the clause expressing T-posteriority i. e. the situation time represented as T-posterior that is the contained orientation time contained in the common Adv-time but rather the time to which the situation time is represented as T-posterior i. e. the time when the posterior situation is anticipated. This means that the posteriority is always of the prospective type. When a form with prospective meaning is used an .