tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 31

As teachers they will have to answer students' questions about grammar; and any diagnosis of student errors or questions con coming whether or not to give feedback— and if so, what kind—will be enhanced by teachers' having a knowledge of how the grammar works. Indeed, even a communicative approach "involves a recognition of its [grammar's] central mediating role in the use and learning of language" (Window son 1988:154). | 2Uh The Grammar Book Stage I Rising intonation You go Zoila either transferred from the learners first language the LI or the result of an intcrlan-guage communicative strategy Stage 11 Tag questions Stage III Modal inversion Stage IV Be inversion Stage V Do support George come school no Ken Can 1 play Paul Are you play Homer Do you like ice cream Of course as with all second language L2 data these stages are not discrete or categorical and within each there is certainly individual variation. Nonetheless it can generally be said that the rule of inversion is the major formal challenge for students and its mastery takes a while. The challenge is no doubt made more difficult by the fact that native speakers frequently do not invert questions in conversational English hence the input to which ESL EFL learners are exposed is heterogeneous with regard to inversion. We return to this point later. In this chapter then we begin by examining the inversion rule in English under the heading of form. Other comments about form are made with regard to the intonation pattern of yes no questions and the structure of short answers. As is our custom we also comment on the meaning of yes no questions and their formal variants negative yes no questions focused yes no questions and uninverted yes no questions. Next we revisit the distinction between some and any that we introduced in the previous chapter. In the section on use we make some observations about short answers to yes no questions. We also discuss contraction in negative questions and the use of elliptical questions. We conclude this chapter by pointing out other functions that yes no questions can fulfill. In Chapter 13 we deal with wh- questions that ask for information. loiter in the book in Chapter 33 we discuss embedded questions. The Form of Yes No Questions Subject-Operator Inversion With an Auxiliary Verb Consider the following questions 1. Will they be in Reno on Friday 3. Has Alice gone home 2. Was she able to .