tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 118

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar book teacher course part 118', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Appendix 827 Smith complained exdaimed that the earth Is flat. Smith lamented rejoiced that Tokyo was no longer the capital city of Japan. We may also attempt a classification based on exposing contradictions in the following type of sentence I complained exdaimed that she was harassing me but she was actually not harassing me. II rejoiced lamented that my team had won the World Series but they had not won it after all. The probable answer based on our intuitions is that complain exclaim are nonfactive while rrjoice lament are factive. 6. The difference is that in the first sentence one is projecting forward from the time of speaking while in the second one is projecting forward from a point in the past that has already been established in prior discourse. Thus next week is in the real future from the point of view of the speaker wriler for that person next week has not occurred yet The next week may or may not be in the real future for the speaker writer depending on how far distant in the past the established reference point is if this point is say a month previous to the moment of utterance then the next week is already three weeks past 7. One possibility is to do audiotaped interviews of native speakers talking about conversations they have had about their own or others plans asking them to recount as fully as possible what these plans were. This may elicit the desired type of structures. A more direct method would be to tape news broadcasts of newscasters talking about events some of these events should be in the past and some of them should be projected in the future by the newscaster. The researcher should then have native speakers watch these broadcasts and have the respondents give as full an accounting as possible of what they heard the newscasters say. The following time-categories should be looked for a. events in the past for both newscaster s and your native-speaker reporter b. events in the future for the newscastcr s and in the past for the reporter