tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 8

If you do not have a two-term sequence to deal with the structure of English, we recommend teaching certain introductory chapters and then filling out the term by choosing others that you and/or your students feel would be most useful. Any syllabus should include Chapters 1 through 6 in order to give students the tools they will need to work through the other material. | Chapter 3 The Lexicon 43 four on the list. Wc revisit the concept of prototypicality later in this book. As Lewis 1997 reminds ns considerations of prototypicality are very important when thinking of examples to give EFL students of a certain lexicogrammatical phenomenon. The Use of Lexical Items You may be asking yourself why we have not yet mentioned true synonymy two words with the same meaning. The reason is simple. Rarely will two linguistic forms mean exactly the same thing for if they did there would be little reason to have them both in the language. Thus at best we can talk about partial synonymy. We do not mean to dismiss the use of synonyms for giving a partial synonym is often the most efficient way of giving students the meaning of a particular word. It is important though to remain cognizant of the differences between words and in the case of more intermediate and advanced students to highlight the semantic differences. It is also tine that what distinguishes words is not always their semantic differences words can differ because of the area of their use different dialects . British English lorry versus North American English truck different registers . friend versus buddy or they are age-graded meaning that a certain age group will use them . adolescents using cool as an adjective of approval or they are no longer fashionable . adolescents today would not accept groovy as a substitute for cool . Whatever one learns about the meaning and formal requirements of a lexical item one cannot ignore the context in which it is used. For example Carter and McCarthy 1988 discuss the example of the word slocking which takes on quite a different meaning when it refers to silk or nylon stockings as opposed to Christmas stockings. The former type of stockings are worn by women but the latter type are worn by no one. They are simply stocking-shaped containers intended for small Christmas gifts or simply Christmas decorations attached to a fireplace