tailieunhanh - The grammar book eacher course 116

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar book eacher course 116', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Appendix 813 2. e. Mapping rules which apply are copy s t relative pronoun substitution relative pronoun fronting with preposition relative adverb substitution relative adverb deletion and morphological rules. 3. a. The relative adverb when is supposed to substitute for the preposition relative pronoun. When relative adverb substitution is properly applied the following sentence results Christmas is the time when he s busiest If relative adverb substitution does not occur the preposition relative pronoun wottld be retained Christmas is the time at which he s busiest One could have a sentence without either form . Christmas is the time he s busiest but not one with both b. A nonrestrictive clause may not modify a head noun preceded by the generic determiner any. A restrictive clause should be used. c. There are three possible reasons for the ungrammaticality. i Relative pronoun deletion took place and the preposition was incorrectly deleted along with the relative pronoun. If the preposition had not also been deleted the following would have been produced This is the office 1 work in. ii Of course if relative pronoun deletion had not occurred a grammatical sentence would also have resulted This Is the office which I work In. This is the office in which I work. iii Finally this sentence may be ungrammatical because the relative adverb where which replaced in which wes incorrectly deleted. If this had not occurred the sentence would have been This Is the office where I work. d. The inanimate relative pronoun which has been used to refer to human engineers whom should be used instead. e. When the head noun the time is the object of a preposition by the relative adverb when is ungrammatical. No pronoun or that could be used here Bert will have raised 20 000 by the time that the fundraising ends. Alternatively when could be used to replace the entire PrepP Bert will have raised 20 000 when the fundraising ends. 4. a. Which is a relative pronoun that substitutes for .