tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 106

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar book teacher course part 106', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 742 The Grammar Book The same thing happens when too much little forNP infinitive complement is used to paraphrase so much little that or such a an adj N that. In other words any overt negative in the that clause following so or such must be deleted in the parallel infinitive complement following too much little He is so weak that he can t speak coherently. He is too weak speak coherently 1 I not to speak coherently J Thus the ESL EFL teacher must make it clear that the infinitive complements following not enough or too much little are implicitly negative since this fact is not always obvious to ESL EFL learners. Another detail to be pointed out to learners is a fact already established in Chapter 31 . when there is a for phrase preceding the infinitive it provides a subject for the infinitive complement. When there is no for phrase the subject of the main clause controls the reference of the unexpressed subject of the infinitive. The soup is too hot for me PRO to eat John exercises enough PRO to stay healthy. A Note on the Use of So Too and Very Quirk et al. 1985 have pointed out that so is sometimes used absolutely as an emphatic form of very I m so tired The party was so delightful They add that this usage is more typical of women s speech than men s. To these observations we add that in environments where so docs not precede an adjective or adverb so much many may also be used absolutely as emphatic forms of very tmich many I enjoyed this book so much They have so many friends Quirk et al. also mention that too is sometimes used absolutely as a colloquial emphatic counterpart of very He isn t too bright I don t feel too good. They add that this use is more typical of informal American English than of the British variety. Note however that this informal use of loo as an intensifier is acceptable only in semantically negative contexts. When ESL EFL learners overgeneralize this absolute use of too to affirmative contexts errors result This food is too good. .