tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 98

It also helps students see how grammar and communication interface, thus addressing, although not entirely solving, the common problem of students' not being able to activate their knowledge of grammar when they are engaged in communication. | 684 The Grammar Book Grammar textbooks forESL EFL students seldom distinguish raising-type infinitives from other types previously discussed in Chapter 31 nor do they normally treat extraposition as a whole though many books have sections on subject extraposition that is moving subject noun clauses to the end of the sentences and then inserting it whenever a surface subject is required. Some of the texts teaching subject extraposition are Thewlis S. 1997 . Grammar Dimensions. Book. 3 2d ed. . Boston Heinlc Heinle Unit 6 . Elbaum S. 1996 . Grammar in Context. Book 3 2d ed. . Boston Heinle Heinle Lesson 10 . A presentation of the fact that and other noun complement structures appear in Frodesen J. and J. Eyring 1997 . Grammar Dimensions. Book 4 2d cd. . Boston Heinle Heinle Unit 23 . A presentation of adjective complements also appears in Unit 20 of the above book. For a variety of suggestions for teaching complements see Danielson D. and Porter P. 1990 . Using English Your Second Language. Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall Regents. Chapters 13 and 14 . Endnotes 1. Recent generative grammar has accounted for the ungrammaticality of this sentence by the Empty Category Principle which says among other things that one cannot remove subjects out of embedded tAat-clauses. 2. In more formal register we have as if appearing in place of like in these sentences. Since as if is already an adverbial subordinator the addition of the complementizer that would result in ungrammatical sentences here as well. In fact one could argue that like is also functioning as an adverbial subordinator in these sentences. 3. It is of course also worthwhile to show that there are less wordy alternatives to sentences like these. As style manuals have long pointed out the expression because of the fact that can be replaced simply with because. 4. There is some evidence that these clauses are actually generated not in subject position but in an adjacent position sometimes called topic. Some .