tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 95

we see that this rule is one manifestation of an important generalization concerning English word order, a generalization that we introduce first in Chapter 2 and then revisit throughout the remainder of the book. Therefore, at least some of the arbitrariness of rules disappears when we view language above the sentential level. | Chapter Other Aspects of Complementation and Embedded Clauses Introduction In this chapter we continue our discussion of issues related to complementation from Chapter 31. We also look at some clausal constructions where embedded clauses function in ways other than as complements to verbs and return to a discussion of passive voice. Finally we introduce some additional semantic distinctions among complement types namely factive versus nonfactive predicates and implicative verbs. The six new constructions we discuss in this chapter arc raising to subject the subject of the complement becomes the subject of the higher clause. It seems that they have succeeded . They seem to have succeeded complex-NP complements the wA-clausc or infinitive functions as a complement to an NP. The news that a hurricane is coming is worrisome. This is a good time to open a bottle of champagne . adjective complements the fact that adjectives like verbs and nouns can also take complements. Joan is eager to see you . extraposition of complements the tendency of non-final heavy or dominant constituents to move to the end of the sentence. That he left without any money is unfortunate. It is unfortunate that he left without any money . constructions like easy-lo-please the object of the complement becomes the subject of the main clause. It is important to solve the problem . The problem is important to solve . 664 The Grammar Book complex passives either the main clause or complement clause is in the passive voice thus making different word orders and structures possible. That he has won the tournament is rumored. It is rumored that he has won the tournament . He is rumored to have won the tournament Raising to Subject Every sentence in English must have some overt element in subject position. However in certain constructions the subject position is filled with a word that does not fit our intuitive notion of what a subject should be. We have already seen in Chapter 23 that there in the .