tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 91

Probably the most common association with the word grammar is the word rule. In this book, we also use the term rule. But there arc two qualifications we would like to make to the use of the term rule in connection with grammar. | fi34 The Grammar Book Infinitive Complements We have now expanded our notion of clause somewhat to include subject-verb sequences without tenses. Infinitives so called because they are not finite or tensed are an additional and far more common type of tenseless clause than subjunctives. Unlike the other complement clauses we have discussed they have five sub-types each of which we discuss in turn. Infinitive Complements 1. believe type The students believe their professor to be amazing. 2. advise type We advised them to play baseball outside. 3. attempt type I attempted to avoid the ice on the road. 4. want type I want to clean the house. for to infinitive I want for him to clean the house. 5. fettype The teacher let the students go home early. bare stem Be reve-type Infinitives The first type of infinitive follows main-clause verbs like believe and imagine. The bracketed parts of the sentences below seem to show no evidence of tense a. The students believed their professor to be amazing . b. The citizens imagined the politician to have led an honest life . If the above past-tense main verbs are changed to indicate future time or present-habitual time for example nothing inside the brackets will change c. The students will believe their professor to be amazing . d. The students always believe their professor to be amazing . e. The citizens will imagine the politician to have led an honest life . f. The citizens currently imagine the politician to have led an honest life . In what sense then can infinitives be considered clauses Like other clauses that we have considered they seem to possess both subjects and verbs and in the b example above a direct object as well . While there may be no marking of tense under the AUX node there does seem to be a marker the AUX to which stands roughly in the position in which auxiliary elements usually occur. If we place the to under AUX we will need an additional expansion option for the AUX rule AUX- T1 M perf prog pass .to J _ .