tailieunhanh - The grammar book teacher course part 85

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar book teacher course part 85', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter 29 More on Relative Clauses Introduction In the previous chapter we described restrictive relative clauses. In this chapter we consider nonrestrictive relative clauses. Then we treat reductions that occur in both types of relative clauses restrictive and nonrestrictive. In the last chapter you saw how a restrictive relative clause can be reduced by deleting a relativized object in the embedded sentence. In this chapter we discuss another way to reduce both types of relative clauses that accounts for a variety of surface structures. Finally we examine relative adverbials which are additional relative constructions in English that are formed by means other than relativizing a noun phrase or a possessive determiner. Nonrestrictive Versus Restrictive Relative Clauses Thus far the relative clauses we have been examining limit or characterize the meaning of the noun phrases they modify. Not all relative clauses have such a limiting function however. For instance in the following sentence we could just as easily do without the relative clause yet remain sure of the identity of the head noun in the main clause Mrs. Jensen who lives next door is a Girl Scout troop leader. The relative clause in this sentence is called a nonrestrictive relative clause since it merely supplies additional information about Mrs. Jensen it is not necessary for telling us which woman is a Girl Scout troop leader in the same way that the restrictive relative clause is in the following sentence The woman who lives next door is a Girl Scout troop leader. Perhaps a contrastive example would be useful at this point Compare the two following sentences The climbers who reached the summit were exhausted. The climbers who reached the summit were exhausted. As you already know the first sentence contains a restrictive relative clause. We interpret the head noun in this sentence as representing some portion of the group of climbers who began the ascent those who were successful at reaching the .