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Temperature Measurement in Medicine Temperature measurement of the human body provides crucial information on its condition in various kinds of illness, on its physiological functions as well as on possible menacing diseases. Already by the time ofHippocrates in Vth and IVth century BC, fever was always connected with an illness . The development of thermometry in the XV111th and XIXth century, which enabled the measurement of human body temperature, was introduced by the German physician Carl Wunderlich as a routine procedure (Daneman, 1992) . | Temperature Measurement Second Edition L. Michalski K. Eckersdorf J. Kucharski J. McGhee Copyright 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs 0-471-86779-9 Hardback 0-470-84613-5 Electronic 21 Temperature Measurement in Medicine Introduction Temperature measurement of the human body provides crucial information on its condition in various kinds of illness on its physiological functions as well as on possible menacing diseases. Already by the time of Hippocrates in Vth and IVth century BC fever was always connected with an illness. The development of thermometry in the XVIIIth and XIXth century which enabled the measurement of human body temperature was introduced by the German physician Carl Wunderlich as a routine procedure Daneman 1992 . In contemporary medicine temperature measurement of the human body and of its internal organs is widely used for diagnosis as well as for control of therapy procedures and surgical treatment by microwave or by HF radio techniques. Measurement for Diagnosis The most popular instruments for measurement of human body temperature were and are liquid-in-glass medical thermometers. The more widely used medical mercury-in-glass thermometer has a reduction in capillary cross-section at the lower part of the scale so that they behave as maximum thermometers permitting easy reading after the thermometer has been removed. They are produced for the following temperature ranges from to C for general application from to 42 C for pediatric purposes after premature birth from to 38 C for detection and diagnosis of female fertility periods. The elementary scale division of medical thermometers is C with the permissible error contained within C to C. Daneman 1992 gives a detailed analysis of the way in which various measuring sites such as . al rectal etc. influence the readings as well as the recommended immersion times ranging usually from 6 to 10 min. All thermistor based thermometers which .