tailieunhanh - Oxide for valve-regulated lead–acid batteries

In order to meet the increasing demand for valve-regulated lead–acid ŽVRLA. batteries, a new soft lead has been produced by Pasminco Metals. In this material, bismuth is increased to a level that produces a significant improvement in battery cycle life. By contrast, other common impurities, such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, nickel, antimony and tellurium, that are known to be harmful to VRLA batteries are controlled to very low levels. A bismuth oxide has been manufactured ŽBarton-pot method. . | ELSEVIER Journal of Power Sources 73 1998 36-46 Oxide for valve-regulated lead-acid batteries . Lam a . Lim a . Haigh a . Rand a . Manders b . Rice b a CSIRO Division of Minerals . Box 312 Clayton South Victoria 3169 Australia b Pasminco Metals . Box 1291K Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Received 18 June 1997 accepted 17 August 1997 Abstract In order to meet the increasing demand for valve-regulated lead-acid VRLA batteries a new soft lead has been produced by Pasminco Metals. In this material bismuth is increased to a level that produces a significant improvement in battery cycle life. By contrast other common impurities such as arsenic cobalt chromium nickel antimony and tellurium that are known to be harmful to VRLA batteries are controlled to very low levels. A bismuth Bi -bearing oxide has been manufactured Barton-pot method from this soft lead and is characterized in terms of phase composition particle size distribution BET surface area and reactivity. An investigation is also made of the rates of oxygen and hydrogen evolution on pasted electrodes prepared from the Bi-bearing oxide. For comparison the characteristics and performance of a Bi-free Barton-pot oxide which is manufactured in the USA are also examined. Increasing the level of bismuth and lowering those of the other impurities in soft lead produces no unusual changes in either the physical or the chemical properties of the resulting Bi-bearing oxide compared with Bi-free oxide. This is very important because there is no need for battery manufacturers to change their paste formulae and paste-mixing procedures on switching to the new Bi-bearing oxide. There is little difference in the rates of oxygen and hydrogen evolution on pasted electrodes prepared from Bi-bearing or Bi-free oxides. On the other hand these rates increase on the former electrodes when the levels of all the other impurities are made to exceed by deliberately adding the impurities as oxide powders the .

• Điện - Điện tử
• Journal of Power Sources
• công nghệ pin điện tử
• lead acid battery
• pin axít chì
• Oxide for valve regulated lead batteries
• Journal of Mechanics
• Influence of heat sources
• Finite channel conjugate natural convection of a power fluid
• Finite channel conjugate natural convection
• The influence of heat sources
• Journal of Automation and Control Engineering
• Frequency regulation in an AC microgrid
• Diverse sources of power
• Intelligent control technique
• Fuzzy gain scheduled proportional integralderivative
• Improvements to active material
• VRLA batteries
• Effect of additives
• compressed lead acid batteries
• Effect of Na2SO4 additive
• Electrochemical evaluation of additives
• Improved oxides for production
• leadracid battery plates
• Influence of temperature
• the cycle life of negative plates
• chu kỳ tấm pin axít chì
• Influence of charge mode
• Ảnh hưởng của phenolic
• chất làm tăng lignin
• hiệu suất của pin chì acid
• Influence of phenolic group content
• Ảnh hưởng của polymer phụ gia
• chì acid
• tấm pin tiêu cực
• Influence of polymer additive
• ảnh hưởng các loại vật liệu
• hợp kim lưới
• ăn mòn lớp cấu trúc
• pin acid
• Chì đỏ
• pin lead acid
• Red lead
• lead acid batteries
• điện cực polymer
• cấu trúc ứng dụng xe điện
• Lead acid bipolar battery assembled
• Primary chemically formed lead dioxide
• premature capacity loss
• Semi suspension technology
• tetrabasic lead sulfate pastes
• Synthesis and electrochemical preformances
• tribasic lead sulfates prepared
• reactive grinding
• The addition of red lead
• miners cap lamp
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