tailieunhanh - The official guide to the toefl ibt third edition part 5

Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 provide in-depth discussions of the kinds of ques¬ tions that appear in each part of the TOEFL iBT. Each chapter also includes practice questions and explanations of correct answers so that you will understand the actual communicative skills that are being tested in each section. | Introducing the TOEFL iBT TOEFL iBT Writing Section Academic Writing Skills In all academic situations where writing in English is required students must be able to present their ideas in a clear well-organized manner. The Writing section measures your ability to write in an academic setting. Often students need to write a paper or an essay response on an exam about what they are learning in their classes. This requires combining information they have heard in class lectures with what they have read in textbooks or other materials. This type of writing can be referred to as integrated writing. In this type of writing students must O take notes on what they hear and read and use them to organize information before writing O summarize paraphrase and cite information from the source material accurately O write about the ways the information they heard relates to the information they read For example in an academic course a student might be asked to compare and contrast the points of view expressed by the professor in class with those expressed by an author in the assigned reading material. The student must successfully draw information from each source to explain the contrast. Students must also write essays that express and support their opinions. In this type of writing known as independent writing students express an opinion and support it based on their own knowledge and experience. For example students may be asked to write an essay about a controversial issue. The students use past personal experience to support their position. In all types of writing it is helpful for students to identify one main idea and some major points that support it plan how to organize the essay . with an outline develop the essay by using reasons examples and details express information in an organized manner use effective linking words transitional phrases to connect ideas and help the reader understand the flow of ideas use a range of grammar and vocabulary for effective .