tailieunhanh - The official guide to the toefl ibt third edition part 4

Each institution that uses TOEFL scores sets its own minimum level of accept¬able performance. These minimums vary from one institution to another, depending on factors such as the .applicant's field of study, the level of study (undergraduate or graduate) | Introducing the TOEFL iBT TOEFL iBT Listening Section Academic Listening Skills The Listening section measures your ability to understand spoken English. In academic settings students must be able to listen to lectures and conversations. Academic listening is typically done for one of the three following purposes Listening for basic comprehension comprehend the main idea major points and important details related to the main idea Note comprehension of all details is not necessary. Listening for pragmatic understanding recognize a speaker s attitude and degree of certainty recognize a speaker s function or purpose Connecting and synthesizing5 information recognize the organization of information presented understand the relationships between ideas presented for example com-pare contrast cause effect or steps in a process make inferences6 and draw conclusions based on what is implied in the material make connections among pieces of information in a conversation or lecture recognize topic changes for example digressions7 and aside statements8 in lectures and conversations and recognize introductions and conclusions in lectures Description Listening material in the test includes academic lectures and long conversations in which the speech sounds very natural. You can take notes on any listening material throughout the entire test. Listening Section Format Listening Material Number of Questions Timing 4-6 lectures 35 minutes long each about 500-800 words 6 questions per lecture 60-90 minutes 2-3 conversations about 3 minutes long about 12-25 exchanges 5 questions per conversation 60-90 minutes 5. Synthesize To combine information from two or more sources 6. Make an inference To comprehend an argument or an idea that is strongly suggested but not explicitly stated in a passage 7. Digressions Side comments in which the speaker briefly moves away from the main topic and then returns 8. Aside statements Comments that are relevant to the main theme but interrupt the flow of

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