tailieunhanh - Understanding and using english grammar 28

There are numerous "real communication" opportunities for the teacher to exploit. The text often uses the students' own life experiences as context and regularly introduces topics of interest to stimulate the free expression of ideas in structured as well as open discussions. | 10-1 DEGREES OF CERTAINTY PRESENT TIME Why isn t John in class 100 sure He is sick. 95 sure He must be sick. I He may be sick less than 50 sure He might be sick. He could be sick. Degree of certainty refers to how sure we are what we think the chances are that something is true. If we are sure something is true in the present we don t need to use a modal. For example if I say John is sick I am sure I am stating a fact that I am sure is true. My degree of certainty is 100 . Why isn t John in class a He must be sick. Usually he is in class every day but when I saw him last night he wasn t feeling good. So my best guess is that he is sick today. I can t think of another possibility. Must expresses a strong degree of certainty about a present situation but the degree of certainty is still less than 100 . In a The speaker is saying Probably John is sick. I have evidence to make me believe that he is sick. That is my logical conclusion but I do not know for certain. I 7ry isn t John in class b He may be sick. c He might be sick. d He could be sick. I don t really know. He may be at home watching TV. He might be at the library. He could be out of town. May might and could express a weak degree of certainty. In b c and d The speaker is saying Perhaps maybe possibly John is sick. I am only making a guess. I can think of other possibilities. b c and d have the same meaning. Maybe one word is an adverb Maybe he is sick. May be two words is a verb form He may be sick. EXERCISE 2. Degrees of certainty present time. Chart 10-1 Directions From the given information make your best guess by using must. This exercise can be done in pairs in small groups or as a class. If the exercise is done in pairs A and B should switch roles halfway through. Example speaker A book open Alice always gets the best grades in the class. Why speaker B book closed She must study hard. I She must be intelligent. 1. . is yawning. Why 2. . is sneezing and coughing. Why 3. . is wearing a wedding ring. Why