tailieunhanh - Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 15

Tham khảo tài liệu 'fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 15', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT Jim has eaten lunch. Ann hasn t eaten lunch. PRESENT PERFECT MEANING 1 SOMETHING HAPPENED BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME. 5 r c before now 5 1 a Jim has already eaten lunch. b Ann hasn t eaten lunch yet. c Have you ever eaten at that restaurant The present perfect expresses an activity or situation that occurred or did not occur before now at some unspecified time in the past. In a Jim s lunch occurred before the present time. The exact time is not mentioned it is unimportant or unknown. For the speaker the only important information is that Jim s lunch occurred in the past sometime before now. c c before now XXX Í d Pete has eaten at that restaurant many times. e I have eaten there twice. An activity may be repeated two several or more times before note at unspecified times in the past as in d and e . PRESENT PERFECT MEANING 2 A SITUATION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE PRESENT. 10 . P nmw f We tie been in class since ten o clock this morning. g I have known Ben for ten years. I met him ten years ago. I still know him today. We are friends. When the present perfect is used with since or for it expresses situations that began in the past and continue to the present. In f Class started at ten. We are still in class now at the moment of speaking. INCORRECT We are in class since ten o clock this morning. 86 CHAPTER 4 EXERCISE 4. Present perfect. Chart 4-3 Directions When speakers use the present perfect they often contract have and has with nouns in everyday speech. Listen to your teacher say these sentences in normal contracted speech and practice saying them yourself. Discuss the meaning of the present perfect. 1. Bob has been in Montreal since last Tuesday. Bob s been in . . . 2. Jane has been out of town for two days. 3. The weather has been warm since the beginning of April. 4. My parents have been active in politics for forty years. 5. Mike has already eaten breakfast. 6. My friends have moved into a new .