tailieunhanh - TASI Lectures: Introduction to Cosmology

The last decade has seen an explosive increase in both the volume and the accuracy of data obtained from cosmological observations. The number of techniques available to probe and cross-check these data has similarly proliferated in recent years. | arXiv astro-ph 0401547 v1 26 Jan 2004 TASI Lectures Introduction to Cosmology Mark Trodden1 and Sean M. Carroll2 1 Department of Physics Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244-1130 USA 2Enrico Fermi Institute Department of Physics and Center for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA May 13 2006 Abstract These proceedings summarize lectures that were delivered as part of the 2002 and 2003 Theoretical Advanced Study Institutes in elementary particle physics TASI at the University of Colorado at Boulder. They are intended to provide a pedagogical introduction to cosmology aimed at advanced graduate students in particle physics and string theory. SU-GP-04 1-1 1 Tai lieu chi xem duoc mot so trang dau. Vui long download file goc de xem toan bo cac trang Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Fundamentals of the Standard Cosmology 4 Homogeneity and Isotropy The Robertson-Walker Metric . 4 Dynamics The Friedmann Equations. 8 Flat Universes. 11 Including Curvature . 12 Horizons. 13 Geometry Destiny and Dark Energy . 15 3 Our Universe Today and Dark Energy 16 Matter Ordinary and Dark. 16 Supernovae and the Accelerating Universe. 19 The Cosmic Microwave Background. 21 The Cosmological Constant Problem s . 26 Dark Energy or Worse . 30 4 Early Times in the Standard Cosmology 35 Describing Matter. 35 Particles in Equilibrium . 36 Thermal Relics. 40 Vacuum displacement. 42 Primordial Nucleosynthesis. 43 Finite Temperature Phase Transitions. 45 Topological Defects. 47 Baryogenesis. 53 Baryon Number Violation. 54 B-violation in Grand Unified Theories . 54 B-violation in the Electroweak theory. 55 CP violation . 56 Departure from Thermal Equilibrium . 57 Baryogenesis via leptogenesis . 58 Affleck-Dine Baryogenesis . 58 5 Inflation 59 The Flatness Problem . 59 The Horizon Problem . 60 Unwanted Relics . 62 The General .