tailieunhanh - Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

Following World War II, the high quality, technologically advanced products of the United States dominated world markets. With the oil shock of the 1970s, however, many of the economic advantages associated with cheap petroleum were lost and the recovered economies of Europe and Asia emerged as strong competitors in many product areas. The innovative technologies of the US could no longer insulate industries from the customer oriented approaches of European and Asian producers. | century, an Egyptian scientist named Papp suggested there should be a science called heuristics to solve inventive problems. In modern times, inventive problem solving has fallen into the field of psychology where the links between the brain and insight and innovation are studied. Methods such as brainstorming and trial-and-error are commonly suggested. Depending on the complexity of the problem, the number of trials will vary. If the solution lies within one's experience or field, such as mechanical engineering, than the number of trials will be fewer. If the solution is not forthcoming, then the inventor must look beyond his experience and knowledge to new fields such as chemistry or electronics. Then the number of trials will grow large depending on how well the inventor can master psychological tools like brainstorming, intuition, and creativity. A further problem is that psychological tools like experience and intuition are difficult to transfer to other people in the organization.