tailieunhanh - Mô thực vật Văn hóa Phần 3 - Vi nhân

Đây là tài liệu sinh vật học - công tác tuyên truyền vô tính hoặc thực vật của các nhà máy trong ống nghiệm gửi đến các bạn độc giả tham khảo. | Plant Tissue Culture Part 3 - Micropropagation Richard R Williams What is Micropropagation? “ the asexual or vegetative propagation (multiplication) of plants in vitro “ Implies - regeneration - multiplication - uniformity ?? Basic in vitro propagation . STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Benefits for propagation . Rapid multiplication of clones Difficult species ? Genetic uniformity ? Aseptic conditions Micro- stock plants Controlled environment Other applications . in vitro micro-grafting Genetic conservation Plant improvement Experimental system STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Starting material for micropropagation Leaf Tip bud Internode Axillary bud Root [Drew et al 1991] Selection of plant material . Part of plant Genotype . | Plant Tissue Culture Part 3 - Micropropagation Richard R Williams What is Micropropagation? “ the asexual or vegetative propagation (multiplication) of plants in vitro “ Implies - regeneration - multiplication - uniformity ?? Basic in vitro propagation . STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Benefits for propagation . Rapid multiplication of clones Difficult species ? Genetic uniformity ? Aseptic conditions Micro- stock plants Controlled environment Other applications . in vitro micro-grafting Genetic conservation Plant improvement Experimental system STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Starting material for micropropagation Leaf Tip bud Internode Axillary bud Root [Drew et al 1991] Selection of plant material . Part of plant Genotype Physiological condition Season Position on plant Size of explant Physiological state - of stock plant Vegetative / Floral Juvenile / Mature Dormant / Active Carbohydrates Nutrients Hormones STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Disinfestation Stock plant preparation Washing in water Disinfecting solution Internal contaminants Screening The medium Minerals Sugar Organic ‘growth factors’ Growth regulators Gelling agent Other additives Physical Environment Temperature Moisture Light STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Origins of new shoots . Terminal extension Lateral / Axillary buds Adventitious (de novo, re-differentiation) Callus differentiation Role of growth regulators . Cell division Differentiation Cell expansion Apical dominance auxins abscisic acid cytokinins gibberelic acid ethylene STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Shoot elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Shoot elongation . Basal ‘hormone free’ medium Gibberellins Carry-over of hormones STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization Root initiation . Auxins Co-factors C : N ratio Light / darkness Initiation vs growth Juvenility / rejuvenation Genotype STAGES 1. Selection of plant material 2. Establish aseptic culture 3. Multiplication 4. Elongation 5. Root induction / formation 6. Acclimatization - survival of the new plant when removed from the in vitro environment - will be covered later. Acclimatization (hardening) END of Part 3