tailieunhanh - Adaptive State-of-Charge Determination

University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands V Pop, Holst Centre/IMEC-NL, Eindhoven, The One of the challenges that face modern society is the search for sustainability. Sustainable economic development requires the existence of clean renewable energy sources and efficient energy storage media. | Adaptive State-of-Charge Determination HJ Bergveld NXP Semiconductors Eindhoven The Netherlands D Danilov and PHL Notten Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands V Pop Holst Centre IMEC-NL Eindhoven The Netherlands PPL Regtien University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands PHL Notten Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven The Netherlands 2009 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Introduction One of the challenges that face modern society is the search for sustainability. Sustainable economic development requires the existence of clean renewable energy sources and efficient energy storage media. Wind solar and tidal powers are examples of renewable but irregular energy sources that require storage media to harvest energy at the peak and to consume it when necessary. Figure 1 illustrates the need for energy storage in various applications. Until recently energy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries fuel cells and supercapacitors were mostly used in portable electronic appliances notebooks cell phones and stand-alone equipment reserve power supplies construction-site tools . Nowadays there is a strong tendency to extend the area of application of energy storage devices in two directions to higher energy-storage levels for automotive and industrial-scale facilities on the one hand and to lower energy-storage levels in micro-size electronic devices on the other hand. The automotive sector will be one of the largest consumers of energy storage devices in the coming decades. The overwhelming success of hybrid vehicles illustrates such successful large-scale application. The industrial-scale energy production will unavoidably suffer a shift toward sustainability when natural fossil resources will be exhausted. The top right-hand side in Figure 1 corresponds to automotive and industrial-scale applications. On the other hand micro-size energy sources are going to be the key elements of numerous wireless autonomous devices and medical implants. .