tailieunhanh - Mastering skills for the toefl ibt advanced part 31

Keep a vocabulary notebook listing new terms and their definitions. Write out the definitions in English. Only refer to bilingual dictionaries if you cannot understand a word used in context or its definition from an English-only dictionary. Set aside a period of time every week to review your new vocabulary. Practice it by writing out your own sentences using the words | Science jif edit X E 2 Cl Read the following passage. Then fill in the diagram with the information that you read. Track 59 i One of Africa s greatest problems is malnutrition. Many people particularly children are dying because they do not have enough food to eat. Malnutrition is of particular concern for infants. While it is possible for an adult to experience malnutrition children are more likely to be affected by it in an adverse way. A child under the age of three who experiences malnutrition is less likely to survive into adulthood. Moreover if children experience malnutrition before the age of three their growth into adulthood can be permanently stunted. Researchers have found ways to fight malnutrition but until now these methods were not widely available. However a new type of food has been discovered that may provide relief in the fight against malnutrition. Earlier attempts to treat malnutrition have come in the form of powdered milk. The powdered milk products known as F-75 and F-100 require a powder to be mixed with fresh water which has to be refrigerated to avoid spoilage after mixing. F-75 and F-100 were unable to adequately treat the malnutrition crisis due to the lack of available v fresh water and refrigeration facilities in most African countries. If powdered milk was mixed with impure water contaminants could make people sick. Moreover the powdered milk products had to be mixed in hygienic conditions. As such the F-75 and F-100 products were only useful in hospitals where they could be mixed with water known to be fresh in a hygienic environment. The proposed alternative to F-75 and F-100 is called Plumpy nut. It is a sticky substance made of peanut paste vegetable oil milk powder sugar vitamins and minerals. It was engineered by Andre Briend a French scientist in 1999 and has since been adopted by a number of humanitarian organizations working to fight malnutrition. The product resembles peanut butter in texture and taste but is fortified with

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