tailieunhanh - Mastering skills for the toefl ibt advanced part 28

There will be two or three "categories and either five or seven correct choices. Two of the answer choices will not be used. This question requires the ability to organize important information and to understand relationships between major ideas presented in the passage. | OWes 01 Zoology Read the passage and answer the questions. Track 52. A Territories offer a way for animals to set and maintain home boundaries. A territory is a region or geographic area occupied by an animal or group of animals that is protected against intruding animals. Animals must not only compete with other species but also frequently with animals of their own species. For this reason animals exhibit territoriality in many different ways. However they all share one purpose to protect members of a specific group in such a way as to avoid confrontation and aggression. Territories are essential in that they offer certain levels of protection against other members of an animal s own species. They also establish where an animal or group of animals lives. The first priority an animal has when establishing a territory is to set a boundary in some way. For example some animals establish their territory through the use of scent marking. After setting a boundary the animal or group will spend time and energy defending the territory. An animal or group establishes ownership of the area in order to make rival animals respect the territory s boundaries. Territorial animals will go to great lengths to defend their territories against rivals a A One might think that territories make animals more aggressive than non-territorial animals b B An animal or group may spend a good deal of time and energy defending its territory from rivals soon after the territory is established. However once the area is firmly established as that animal s territory the boundaries are usually respected b C Territorial boundaries are recognized by all members of the same species and will often deter a rival animal from entering the territory a D Neither an animal nor a group of animals wants to expend needless energy engaging in . confrontations as they are more likely to lead to injury. An animal or group will usually refrain from trespassing on a rival s territory. This is because it knows that .