tailieunhanh - Mastering skills for the toefl ibt advanced part 75

Do not use a pencil or your finger when you are reading. Your eyes move faster than your finger, so you slow yourself down if you trace lines with a pencil or finger while reading. For each paragraph or new point in the passage, ask yourself why the author mentions it and how it relates to the main idea. | 5 Ä. Psychology Read the following passage. Then look at the note diagram and fill in the missing information. fi- 1 w SÎ m ie id sr e js ig ig m id Spanking or the act of hitting children on their bottoms is a common punishment in many cultures around the world. However recently child psychologists have begun questioning whether spanking is a good form of punishment. Although a consensus has yet to be reached there are a number of advantages to using spanking as a disciplinary tool. One of the most apparent advantages of spanking is that it helps children understand the difference between right and wrong. Spanking helps children remember that an act is not allowed by creating a psychological association between a particular forbidden act and the traumatic experience of being spanked. In establishing this association children come to understand what is right and what is wrong. Additionally spanking is far more effective than other types of discipline. Unlike time-outs which remove children from a situation and force them to stay in a quiet area spanking has been shown to be more effective among children between the ages of three and five. After being spanked children are much less likely to behave in the same way than if they had simply been put in time-out. Finally spanking is an understandable form of punishment. It can be used on nearly any young child. In contrast young children may not understand that time-outs are punishments. For a young child that does not completely understand situations a time-out can easily be mistaken for something else children put in a time-out for instance might think that they are being removed from a situation for their own safety or because it is time for a nap. As a result spanking is a valuable tool for parents to use because the child cannot understand it as anything other than a punishment. Main idea Spanking is Key point 1 Spanking helps Key point 2 Key point 3 Spanking is more Spanking punishment .rough treatment or a .

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