tailieunhanh - Grammar for everyone part 24

So how might we define grammar? The simplest and perhaps the truest definition is *a language to talk about language*. Tust as one cannot explain how a motor engine functions (or is failing to function) without naming words for its parts and their specific actions, so it is impossible to explore the function of words and the part they play in forming meaningful language without a naming procedure. | CASE 151 Genitive The genitive case refers to someone or something that possesses something for example This theatre s acoustics are superb. Vocative The vocative case refers to the words by which you address persons or things for example Hurry girls the play is about to start. Activities case 1. Students identify the case of each of the nouns or pronouns in the following sentences. a. Dad sings in the shower. b. Rory sat on a green mat. c. Driver please stop at the entrance. d. Lucy s sister has asthma. e. Give the principal this note Cassie. 2. Students write two sentences for each of the following words using a different case for each for example elephant My uncle has an elephant s tusk. genitive Elephants are reputed to have long memories. nominative a. explosion b. Queen Victoria c. algebra d. speaker e. love 152 GRAMMAR FOR EVERYONE Checklist case c . Students should now be able to define the term case name the five cases which are applicable in English give the function of each state the case of any noun or pronoun in a given sentence suggest a reason why understanding case can be useful Phrases Definition The word phrase comes via Latin from the Greek phrazein meaning to tell . A phrase provides additional information to a statement. It is a group of words without a finite verb which forms a grammatical unit that can do the work of an adjective an adverb or a noun or pronoun less commonly . Before studying phrases students should be able to recognise and understand the function of all eight parts of speech understand the formation of the present and past participles participles especially the present participle are common in phrases Phrases and clauses are both word groups which with the exception of noun phrases and clauses act as appendages to one or another word in a simple sentence. They both have the function of expanding information but they differ in construction so we deal with them separately beginning with phrases which are simpler but .

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