tailieunhanh - Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 53)

Introduction: Japanese people are very fond of eating fugu (puffer) fishes (especially Takifugu rubripes) as a feast especially in the winter season. However, the fish contains highly poisonous toxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) especially in its liver and ovary. Therefore, the number of fugu (puffer) fish poisoning incidents in Japan were 554, in which 912 people were poisoned during 20 years in 1980–1999; among the 912 people, 106 subjects were fatal (mortality rate, %) ( Table )a. However, in recent 10 years, its incidence has been reduced to about half due to the improvement of early life-saving systems in emergency. | Tetrodotoxin by Sunao Fukushima and Yukio Ohtsuka Introduction Japanese people are very fond of eating fugu puffer fishes especially Takifugu rubripes as a feast especially in the winter season. However the fish contains highly poisonous toxin tetrodotoxin TTX especially in its liver and ovary. I Therefore the number of fugu puffer fish poisoning incidents in Japan were 554 in which 912 people were poisoned during 20 years in 1980-1999 among the 912 people 106 subjects were fatal mortality rate Table a. However in recent 10 years its incidence has been reduced to about half due to the improvement of early life-saving systems in emergency medicine. The origins of tetrodotoxin the presence of its analogs Figure and its mechanisms of action have been being clarified 1 2 . However for the tetrodotoxin analogs Figure their presence toxicokinetics and toxicities especially in human puffer fish poisoning cases have not been studied. Therefore in this chapter the target is limited to tetrodotoxin only. As a test for tetrodotoxin a biological method using mice is long being used for testing fish tissues but it is not suitable for blood and urine specimens of poisoned patients. In this chapter the methods of analysis of tetrodotoxin in human specimens by GC MS and HPLC are described 3 . O Table Incidence of fugu puffer fish poisoning cases in Japan Year The number of incidents The number of patients The number of fatality Mortality ratio 1980-1984 143 242 47 1985-1989 147 256 29 1990-1994 138 221 13 1995-1999 126 193 17 Total 554 912 106 O Figure Structures of tetrodotoxin TTX and its analogs. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 482 Tetrodotoxin O Figure tetrodotoxin MW 319 lOOt 20-30 min 5 KOH 2-amino-6-hydroxymethyl- 8-hydroxyquinazoline Cs-base MW 191 BSTFA TMCS lOOt 10 min C -base- TMS a MW 407 GC MS m z407 M m z 392 M-15 Pretreatment and derivatization procedures for TTX for its GC MS analysis. GC MS .