tailieunhanh - Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 29)

Introduction: Many of antidepressants exert their effects by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin and by accerelating the release of them at synaptic terminals of neurons in the brain. As characteristic structures of such drugs showing antidepressive effects, many of them have tricyclic or tetracyclic nuclei; this is the reason why they are called “tricyclic antidepressants or tetracyclic antidepressants”. There are many cases of suicides using the antidepressants; their massive intake sometimes causes death. About 10 kinds of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants are now being used in Japan ( Figure ); among them, amitriptyline is best distributed [1,. | Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants by Akira Namera and Mikio Yashiki Introduction Many of antidepressants exert their effects by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin and by accerelating the release of them at synaptic terminals of neurons in the brain. As characteristic structures of such drugs showing antidepressive effects many of them have tricyclic or tetracyclic nuclei this is the reason why they are called tricyclic antidepressants or tetracyclic antidepressants . There are many cases of suicides using the antidepressants their massive intake sometimes causes death. About 10 kinds of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants are now being used in Japan Figure among them amitriptyline is best distributed 1 2 . Recently the use of tetracyclic antidepressants is increasing because of their mild side effects and their high effectiveness with their small doses the increase of their use is causing the increase of their poisoning cases. Although carbamazepine does not belong to the antidepressant group its structure is very similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants therefore the drug is also included in this chapter. GC MS analysis Reagents and their preparation Amitriptyline carbamazepine clomipramine desipramine imipramine maprotiline mianserin nortriptyline and trimipramine can be purchased from Sigma St. Louis MO USA pure powder of the following drugs was donated by each manufacturer amoxapine by Takeda Chem. Ind. Ltd. Osaka Japan dosulepin by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan lofepramine by Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan and setip-tiline by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan. A 20-g aliquot of sodium carbonate is dissolved in distilled water to prepare 100 mL solution 20 w v . A volume of hexane is mixed well with mL isoamyl alcohol to prepare an extraction solvent. A 1-mg aliquot of promethazine Sigma is dissolved in 10 mL acetonitrile to prepare internal standard solution

• Y học thường thức
• Drugs and Poisons in Humans
• Handbook of Practical Analysis
• tác hại của ma tuý
• chất độc hại cho con người
• phòng chống nghiện ma tuý
• Tricyclic
• tetracyclic antidepressants
• computer system for diagnosis
• causative drugs
• poisons developed
• Alternative specimens
• Pretreatments of human specimens
• Detection methods
• Practical use
• the poison net developed
• Problems in toxin analysis
• emergency medicine
• Analysis of chemical warfare agents
• related compounds
• Carbon monoxide
• Hydrogen sulfide
• metabolite
• Cyanide
• Methanol and formic acid
• Ethanol
• Chloroform and dichloromethane
• Toluene
• benzene
• xylene
• styrene
• Alkyl nitrites
• Components of gasoline
• Amphetamines
• metabolites
• Cannabinoids
• Morphine and its analogues
• Cocaine and its metabolites
• Pentazocine
• Lysergic acid diethylamide
• Methylenedioxyamphetamines