tailieunhanh - OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 75

OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR-75 sau đây là giáo trình lý thuyết tiếng anh và bài tập áp dụng từ cơ bản đến nâng cao , nhằm giúp các bạn có thể tự mình ôn tập và củng cố thêm về nền tảng kiến thức môn Anh văn , tự tin đạt kết quả tốt trong kỳ thi ngoại ngữ | OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 75 SOME STRUCTURES WITH THE ING-FORM A Two actions at the same time All afternoon Claire lay in a hammock reading a magazine. When two things are happening at the same time we can use a main verb lay and an ing-form reading . Here are some more examples. We had to stand in a queue waiting for the bank to open. You can t sit watching television all day. All afternoon Vicky lay on the sofa thinking about life. We can also use this structure when one action comes in the middle of another. We use the ing-form for the longer action. Matthew injured his knee doing gymnastics. He injured his knee while he was doing gymnastics. I went to sleep listening to the radio. B One action after another When there are two short actions one straight after the other we can use an ing-form for the first action. Opening the bottle Mike poured the drinks. He opened the bottle and then poured the drinks. Turning right into Madison Avenue the car drove north for two blocks. We can also use the perfect ing-form. Having opened the bottle Mike poured the drinks. After opening the bottle Mike poured the drinks. If either of the actions is long we must use the perfect. Having photocopied all the papers Sarah put them back in the file. Having repaired the car Tom took it out for a road test. NOT Repairing the car Tom took it-out for a road test. These patterns are typical of written English. In spoken English to talk about one action after another we use a sentence like this. Tom repaired the car and then took it out for a road test. C The ing-form saying why We can use the ing-form to give a reason. The fans queued for hours hoping to get tickets. They queued for hours because they hoped to get tickets. Being the youngest child Natasha was her father s favourite. Not knowing the way I had to ask for directions. We can also use the perfect ing-form to give a reason. Having spent all his money Daniel couldn t afford a new jacket. We decided not to travel having heard the .