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In remote sensing, the model of a layered medium with reflective boundaries for each layer is the simplest model. In this chapter, we will study the scattering and emission by layered media using two different approaches: | Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves Theories and Applications Leung Tsang Jin Au Kong Kung-Hau Ding Copyright 2000 John Wiley Sons Inc. ISBNs 0-471-38799-1 Hardback 0-471-22428-6 Electronic Chapter 5 SCATTERING AND EMISSION BY LAYERED MEDIA 1 Incoherent Approach of Radiative Transfer 200 2 Wave Approach 203 Reflection and Transmission 203 Dyadic Green s Function for Stratified Medium 207 Brightness Temperatures for a Stratified Medium with Temperature Distribution 212 3 Comparison Between Incoherent Approach and Coherent Approach 217 4 Applications to Passive Remote Sensing of Soil 220 References and Additional Readings 229 - 199 - 200 5 SCATTERING AND EMISSION BY LAYERED MEDIA In remote sensing the model of a layered medium with reflective boundaries for each layer is the simplest model. In this chapter we will study the scattering and emission by layered media using two different approaches the incoherent approach and the coherent approach. The incoherent approach is based on radiative transfer Chandrasekhar 1960 Ishimaru 1978 Fung 1994 . The coherent approach is based on the Maxwell equations and the fluctuation dissipation theorem discussed in Chapter 3. 1 Incoherent Approach of Radiative Transfer In this section we calculate the emission from a layered medium Fig. using the incoherent approach of radiative transfer theory. In Fig. we illustrate a layered medium where in the Zth layer the permittivity is equal to e and the temperature is equal to T . In a layer with permittivity e the specific intensity obeys the equation L -KaI KaCT as where C K X2 Re e e0. The left-hand side of the equation denotes the differential change of specific intensity with distance along its propagation direction. The first term of the right-hand side is the absorption term where na is the absorption coefficient na 2Im cuv oe . The second term is an emission term that is proportional to absorption coefficient because of the reciprocity of emission and .

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