tailieunhanh - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P45

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 2 P45 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 428 CIVILIAN REVIEW BOARDS CIVILIAN REVIEW BOARDS A municipal body composed of citizen representatives charged with the investigation of complaints by members of the public concerning misconduct by police officers. Such bodies may be independent agencies or part of a law enforcement agency. Generally the power of a civilian review board is restricted to reviewing an already completed internal police investigation and commenting on it to the Chief of Police. Citizen review boards have not been very effective at causing reform as they are often co-opted by the police department whose investigations they are supposed to review and thus wind up agreeing with the police department in almost all instances. Some of the newer civilian review board models however provide board members with investigatory as well as review authority. Some of these models contemplate that the board will conduct parallel investigations to supplement the internal affairs investigations. In a few localities the review board has subpoena power and can force a police officer to TESTIFY. A few jurisdictions even grant sole investigatory power to their civilian review boards. But it is very rare for a civilian review board to have the final say as to the disposition of an investigation or discipline to be imposed on an officer. These ultimate decisions generally continue to be the province of the chief of police. Nonetheless all civilian review boards with independent investigatory authority seem to have the power to make recommendations to the chief on disposition and discipline. FURTHER READINGS de Leon John and Maria Rivas. Civilian Review Board Sample Model. Miami FL ACLU of Florida. Available online at http take_action download_ resources website home page http accessed August 30 2009 . Goldsmith Andrew J. and Colleen Lewis. 2000. Civilian OversightofPolicing Governance Democracy andHuman Rights. Oxford . Hart. Rider Randy. 2007. .