tailieunhanh - The Insects - Outline of Entomology 3th Edition - Chapter 7

Chapter 7 INSECT SYSTEMATICS: PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIfiCATION Because there are so many guides to the identity and classification of birds, mammals, and flowers, it is tempting to think that every organism in the living world is known. However, if we compared different books, treatments will vary, perhaps concerning the taxonomic status of a geographical. | TIC07 5 20 04 4 45 PM Page 177 Chapter 7 INSECT SYSTEMATICS PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION Tree showing proposed relationships between mosquitoes midges and their relatives. After various sources. TIC07 5 20 04 4 45 PM Page 178 178 Insect systematics Because there are so many guides to the identity and classification of birds mammals and flowers it is tempting to think that every organism in the living world is known. However if we compared different books treatments will vary perhaps concerning the taxonomic status of a geographical race of bird or of the family to which a species of flowering plant belongs. Scientists do not change and confuse such matters perversely. Differences can reflect uncertainty concerning relationships and the most appropriate classification may be elusive. Changes may arise from continuing acquisition of knowledge concerning relationships perhaps through the addition of molecular data to previous anatomical studies. For insects taxonomy - the basic work of recognizing describing naming and classification - is incomplete because there are so many species with much variation. The study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and their inter-relationships - systematics - has been portrayed sometimes as dull and routine. Certainly taxonomy involves time-consuming activities including exhaustive library searches and specimen study curation of collections measurements of features from specimens and sorting of perhaps thousands of individuals into morphologically distinctive and coherent groups which are first approximations to species and perhaps hundreds of species into higher groupings. These essential tasks require considerable skill and are fundamental to the wider science of systematics which involves the investigation of the origin diversification and distribution both historical and current of organisms. Modern systematics has become an exciting and controversial field of research due largely to the accumulation of increasing amounts of

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