tailieunhanh - Lecture Notes in Computer Science- P31

Lecture Notes in Computer Science- P31:This year, we received about 170 submissions to ICWL 2008. There were a total of 52 full papers, representing an acceptance rate of about 30%, plus one invited paper accepted for inclusion in this LNCS proceedings. The authors of these accepted papers | Modeling Units of Assessment for Sharing Assessment Process Information 137 Each choice will provide additional restrictions to the conceptual model. For example in a peer assessment many concepts will be excluded. A detailed example of a peer assessment is given in 19 . Role is used to distinguish different types of participants in an assessment process. Several roles have been pre-defined such as designer assessee evidence provider assessor certifier learner and staff. Each role can be refined or customized further for example candidate and assessment-taker to assessee and reviewer rater and evaluator to assessor. Note that a user may be able to have several roles at the same time and that many users can play the same role. Two important attributes of a role are role-property and role-member-property. A declaration of a role-property is just instantiated once in an execution to present a characteristic and a state of the whole role for instance whether all assessors have finished commenting. A declaration of a role-member-property will be instantiated for every user who has this role for instance a trait is a pre-defined role-member-property for assessee. A role-member-property of the root role can be declared locally or globally. Stage is used to distinguish different focuses within the whole assessment process and activity is a logical unit of task performed individually or collaboratively within a stage. As shown in Fig. 1 APS has seven pre-defined types of stages and fourteen types of activities which have more assessment-specific semantics than the generic terms such as act and activity in LD. However the constraints about the aggregation relations between the stage types and activity types have not been illustrated in Fig. 1 for reasons of readability. In fact in each type of stage only some types of activities are allowed. For example constructing QTI items test and designing demonstration assignment can only been specified in the design stage. In the .