tailieunhanh - Lecture Notes in Computer Science- P29

Lecture Notes in Computer Science- P29:This year, we received about 170 submissions to ICWL 2008. There were a total of 52 full papers, representing an acceptance rate of about 30%, plus one invited paper accepted for inclusion in this LNCS proceedings. The authors of these accepted papers | 140 Y. Miao P. Sloep and R. Koper 4 An Initial Validation of the Conceptual Model Validation studies have been conducted to test if the conceptual model would meet the requirements described in section 2. In this section we present the results of these initial validation studies. Completeness The OUNL CITO model 9 is an extensible educational model for assessment which provides a broad basis for interoperability specifications for the whole assessment process from design to decision-making. The OUNL CITO model was validated against Stiggins 23 guidelines for performance assessments and the four-process framework of Almond et al. 1 . In addition the model s expressiveness was investigated through describing a performance assessment in teacher education using OUNL CITO model terminologies. Brinke et. al. 9 reported that the OUNL CITO model met the requirement of completeness. This paper bases the APS validation study of completeness on the OUNL CITO model. Indeed the conceptual model of APS is based on the OUNL CITO model. However like QTI the OUNL CITO model is a document-centric one. The concepts of stage and corresponding activities are not explicitly included in the model although they are conceptually used to develop and organize the model. As a consequence an assessment description based on the OUNL CITO model cannot be executed by a process enactment service because important information about control flow and artifact flow from one activ-ity role to another is missing in the OUNL CITO model. Nevertheless APS extracts almost all concepts represented explicitly and implicitly in the OUNL CITO model. We reformulated these concepts from a perspective of process support. APS explicitly formalizes concepts such as stage activity artifact service and rule and re-organizes them around the activity. As already mentioned like LD APS is an activity-centric and process-based model. We removed some run-time concepts such as assessment-take and assessment-session from the