tailieunhanh - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

An internal combustion engine is a device that operates on an open thermodynamic cycle and is used to convert the chemical energy of a fuel to rotational mechanical energy. This rotational | CHAPTER 59 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Ronald Douglas Matthews General Motors Foundation Combustion Sciences and Automotive Research Laboratories The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas TYPES AND PRINCIPLES OF Experimental OPERATION 1801 Measurements 1814 Spark Ignition Engines 1802 Theoretical Compression Ignition Considerations Diesel Engines 1808 and Modeling 1816 Engine Comparisons 1820 FUELS AND KNOCK 1808 Knock in Spark Ignition EMISSIONS AND FUEL Engines 1808 ECONOMY REGULATIONS 1822 Knock in the Diesel Light-Duty Vehicles 1822 Engine 1810 Heavy-Duty Vehicles 1825 Characteristics of Fuels 1810 Nonhighway Heavy-Duty Standards 1826 PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY 1814 SYMBOLS 1826 An internal combustion engine is a device that operates on an open thermodynamic cycle and is used to convert the chemical energy of a fuel to rotational mechanical energy. This rotational mechanical energy is most often used directly to provide motive power through an appropriate drive train such as for an automotive application. The rotational mechanical energy may also be used directly to drive a propeller for marine or aircraft applications. Alternatively the internal combustion engine may be coupled to a generator to provide electric power or may be coupled to hydraulic pump or a gas compressor. It may be noted that the favorable power-to-weight ratio of the internal combustion engine makes it ideally suited to mobile applications and therefore most internal combustion engines are manufactured for the motor vehicle rail marine and aircraft industries. The high power-to-weight ratio of the internal combustion engine is also responsible for its use in other applications where a lightweight power source is needed such as for chain saws and lawn mowers. This chapter is devoted to discussion of the internal combustion engine including types principles of operation fuels .