tailieunhanh - SQL VISUAL QUICKSTART GUIDE- P51

SQL VISUAL QUICKSTART GUIDE- P51:SQL (pronounced es-kyoo-el) is the standard programming language for creating, updating, and retrieving information that is stored in databases. With SQL, you can turn your ordinary questions (“Where do our customers live?”) into statements that your database system can understand (SELECT DISTINCT city, state FROM customers;) | Index Index SQL. See also further reading SQL statements about x-xiii advantages as declarative language xi approximate numeric types 75 based on relational model 61 BLOB data types 72 books on advanced 405 458 Boolean types 76 case insensitivity of xvi character string types 70-71 common programming errors in 63 comparison operators 101 creating legal aggregate functions 171 data types 68-69 datetime types 77-79 defined ix exact numeric types 73-74 identifiers 62 66-67 interactive or embedded statements in xii interval types 80-81 meaning of xiii nulls 84-85 other data types in 83 performance tuning for statements 302 programs for 2-3 standards for xii-xiii 65 statement types in xiii syntax of 62-64 types of expressions 64 unique identifiers 82 user-defined types 83 vendor-specific modifications of xvii working with statistics in 177 SQL Query Analyzer 10 11 SQL server. See also Microsoft SQL Server SQL Server vs. xv SQL Server Express Edition 10 14 SQL Server Management Studio 14-16 SQL Server Management Studio Express 10 14 SQL Server Studio Query Editor about 10 SQL statements. See also specific clauses clauses of 62 63 64 defined 62 syntax of 62-64 transactions 399-404 SQL View Access 8 sqlcmd command-line tool 10 15 SQLite 4 sqlplus command-line tool 18 19 standards ANSI xii xiii ISO xii natural joins in relational model vs. 209 SQL xii-xiii 65 statistics in SQL built-in SQL functions for 177 changing in midstream 454-455 using running statistics 406-408 string comparisons 275 strings. See character strings subqueries 253-302 categories of 256 comparing subquery values 275-280 comparing values with ALL 288-290 comparisons using ANY 291-293 correlated 262 263-266 defined 253 existence tests with 294-300 inner and outer 254 joins vs. 257-261 nesting 284 329 nulls in 268-269 qualifying column names in 267 simple 262-263 266 syntax for 256 terminology for 254 255 testing set membership with IN 281-287 types of 262 using as column expression 270-274 using .