tailieunhanh - Building a RISC System in an FPGA

companies sell FPGA CPU cores, but most are synthesized implementations of existing instruction sets, filling huge, expensive FPGAs, and are too slow and too costly for production use. | CIRCUIT CELLAR THE MAGAZINE FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Building a RISC System in an FPGA Part 1 Tools Instruction Set and Datapath To kick off this three-part article Jan s going to port a C compiler design an instruction set write an assembler and simulator and design the CPU datapath. Get reading you ve only got a month before your connecting article arrives FEATURE ARTICLE Jan Gray A used to envy CPU designers the lucky engineers with access to expensive tools and fabs. But field-programmable gate arrays FPGAs have made custom-processor and integrated-system design much more accessible. 20-50-MHz FPGA CPUs are perfect for many embedded applications. They can support custom instructions and function units and can be reconfigured to enhance system-on-chip SoC development testing debugging and tuning. Of course FPGA systems offer high integration short time-to-market low NRE costs and easy field updates of entire systems. FPGA CPUs may also provide new answers to old problems. Consider one system designed by Philip Freidin. During self-test its FPGA is configured as a CPU and it runs the tests. Later the FPGA is reconfigured for normal operation as a hardwired signal processing datapath. The ephemeral CPU is free and saves money by eliminating test interfaces. THE PROJECT Several companies sell FPGA CPU cores but most are synthesized implementations of existing instruction sets filling huge expensive FPGAs and are too slow and too costly for production use. These cores are marketed as ASIC prototyping platforms. In contrast this article shows how a streamlined and thrifty CPU design optimized for FPGAs can achieve a cost-effective integrated computer system even for low-volume products that can t justify an ASIC run. I ll build an SoC including a 16-bit RISC CPU memory controller video display controller and peripherals in a small Xilinx 4005XL. I ll apply free software tools including a C compiler and assembler and design the chip using Xilinx Student Edition. If .

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