tailieunhanh - Environmental studies part 5

READING Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemical, physical, or biological material that degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms living in it. This process ranges from simple addition of dissolved or suspended solids to discharge of the most insidious and persistent toxic pollutants (such as pesticides, heavy metals, and nondegradable, bioaccumulative, chemical compounds). | UNIT 6 TYPES OF POLLUTION 39 UNIT 6 TYPES OF POLLUTION WARM-UP 1 List some types of pollution you know. 2 Which types of pollution do you think are very serious in Vietnam READING Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemical physical or biological material that degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms living in it. This process ranges from simple addition of dissolved or suspended solids to discharge of the most insidious and persistent toxic pollutants such as pesticides heavy metals and nondegradable bioaccumulative chemical compounds . Figure 13 Types of pollution 40 ENGLISH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Thermal pollution is the discharge of waste heat via energy dissipation into cooling water and subsequently into nearby waterways. The major sources of thermal pollution are fossil-fuel and nuclear electric-power generating facilities and to a lesser degree cooling operations associated with industrial manufacturing such as steel foundries other primary-metal manufacturers and chemical and petrochemical producers. Land pollution is the degradation of the Earth s land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices mineral exploitation industrial waste dumping and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. Radiation pollution is any form of ionizing or nonionizing radiation that results from human activities. The most well-known radiation results from the detonation of nuclear devices and the controlled release of energy by nuclear-power generating plants. Other sources of radiation include spent-fuel reprocessing plants by-products of mining operations and experimental research laboratories. Noise pollution has a relatively recent origin. It is a composite of sounds generated by human activities ranging from blasting stereo systems to the roar of supersonic transport jets. Noise may be generally associated with industrial society where heavy machinery motor vehicles and aircraft have become everyday .

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