tailieunhanh - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 32

Rhetorical strategies are tools. A carpenter uses a hammer to build a house. A painter uses a brush to paint a landscape. Speakers and writers use rhetorical strategies to develop arguments. For TOEFL, you need to learn the following eight rhetorical strategies: narration, process, description, illustration, compare-and-contrast, cause-and-effect, definition, classification. | Speaking Task Six - 299 b. Does the response demonstrate proficient grammatical unity-synthesis The transition between the general and the specific is clear and correct. All other transitions are clear and correct. This demonstrates grammatical unity-synthesis. Yes No _ Does the response demonstrate proficient language use-paraphrasing L The speaker objectively paraphrases the main points and the supporting points with no points left out. This demonstrates proficient language-use paraphrasing. Yes No _ Delivery We cannot evaluate the next three steps. However when you practice in class or alone with a recording device ask these three questions. a. Is the speaker s fluency proficient b. Does the speaker demonstrate automaticity c. Is the speaker s pronunciation proficient Yes No Yes No Yes No Note For this response the speaker s delivery was proficient. Does the response argument demonstrate coherence Because of Organization Progression Development-summarization Unitysynthesis and Language Use-paraphrasing the speaker has proficiently summarized the main points in the lecture and demonstrated how bats are a critical part of the environment. This demonstrates coherence OPDUL C . Yes No _ Note When you practice constructing responses use a recording device or get your class and instructor to help you with your revision checklist. After you identify areas that lack coherence repeat the same response until the coherence level increases. TASK Go back and rate the response on page 296 using the Integrated Speaking Rating Guide on page 324. Compare your rating to the one on page 341. Note For this response the speaker s delivery was proficient. Three Common Problems Avoid these three problem areas when delivering a response for this task. 1. Lack of General Development-Summarization When you summarize the lecture make sure you identify the main topic and how it is developed either by definition process classification narration description or cause-and-effect etc. 300 - .