tailieunhanh - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the TOEFL iBT part 28

Proficiency means skill and knowledge. How can you quickly and proficiently construct both personal-opinion and fact-based arguments that demonstrate coherence? By starting with a clear method of organization. | Speaking Task Four - 259 Task 3 Directions Read the passage about Charles Darwin. You have 45 seconds. Charles Darwin Charles Darwin is famous for his groundbreaking book On the Origin of Species published in 1851. In it Darwin theorized that all organisms evolved through natural selection. Natural selection as defined by Darwin is the process in which an organism inherits traits that make it more likely to survive and successfully reproduce and thus become more common. Darwin had witnessed this same process of selection in farmers breeding domestic livestock. By selective breeding farmers could produce the results they were after such as a cow that produced more milk or a sheep that produced more wool. Darwin analogized by observation that this same process of selection was naturally occurring in all organisms in the wild. However it was the hand of nature not the hand of man that was doing the selecting. Darwin s theory revolutionized scientific thought for according to Darwin natural selection proved that divine creation played no part in the creation and evolution of organisms. Next listen to a lecture in a biology class. After you listen to the lecture answer the prompt. Prompt Summarize the points made in the lecture and show how they add to and support the information in the reading. TASK You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak. 260 - Speaking Task Four Task 4 Directions Read the passage about white collar crime. You have 45 seconds. White Collar Crime Most of us have never heard of Professor Edwin Sutherland yet we ve all heard the phrase white collar crime. This phrase was first coined by Sutherland in 1939 when he gave a presentation to the American Sociological Society. Sutherland had been studying two areas crime and high society specifically rich men who wore suits with ties and white shirts hence the white collar analogy. Sutherland came to define white collar crime as a crime committed by a person of respectability and .