tailieunhanh - IELTS Academic Reading 5

Với IELTS Academic Reading 5 sẽ giúp các bạn ôn tập củng cố lại kiến thức và kỹ năng giải bài tập để chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi sắp tới đạt được kết quá mong muốn. Mời các bạn tham khảo. | IELTS Academic Reading 5 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-28 which are based on Reading Passage 5 below. The Risks of Cigarette Smoke Discovered in the early 1800s and named nicotianine the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine however is only a small component of cigarette smoke which contains more than 4 700 chemical compounds including 43 cancer- causing substances. In recent times scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions. In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers smoking is associated with cancers of amongst others the mouth stomach and kidneys and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990 smoking caused more than 84 000 deaths mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia bronchitis and influenza. Smoking it is believed is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today. Passive smoking the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency EPA emphasized the health dangers especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke in the highest risk category for causing cancer. As an illustration of the health risks in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-smoker the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure