tailieunhanh - Washback to language teachers: A review of models and empirical research in and beyond Vietnam

This paper aims to critically browse other washback models besides Shin’s (2009) to generate a washback framework on teachers’ perceptions and practices. Previous empirical washback research on teachers in and beyond Vietnam is, then, investigated in alignment with the aspects illustrated in the framework to point out achievements and gaps in the field. A qualitative approach of document analysis of over forty studies of differing types, . books, dissertations and articles, has been adopted to reach the research aim. |