tailieunhanh - An insight into embryonic diapause in animals

Embryonic diapause is a phenomenon characterized by the temporary suspension of embryo development and delayed implantation in the uterus. It is an interesting reproductive strategy that has been frequently exploited across the animal kingdom. Mammalian embryonic diapause is categorized as obligate and facultative and broadly divided into three phases: entry into diapause, maintenance and termination of diapause. Obligate diapause occurs in every gestation of some species, while facultative diapause occurs in others, associated with metabolic stress, usually lactation. Embryonic diapause has been identified in over 100 animal species and the onset, maintenance and escape from diapause are regulated by cascades of environmental, hypophyseal, ovarian and uterine mechanisms that vary among species and between the obligate and facultative animal. | 2019 8 9 1841-1849 EXCELLENT PUBLISHERS International Journal of Current Microbiology andAppliedSciences ISSN 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 2019 Journal homepage http Review Article https An Insight into Embryonic Diapause in Animals Mukesh Kumar Bharti1 Sriti Pandey2 and Ninan Jacob1 1 Department of Veterinary Physiology Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research Kurumbapet Puducherry India 2Animal Husbandry Department District Hospital Guna Madhya Pradesh India Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Embryonic diapause delayed implantation blastocyst mammals Article Info Accepted 20 August 2019 Available Online 10 September 2019 Embryonic diapause is a phenomenon characterized by the temporary suspension of embryo development and delayed implantation in the uterus. It is an interesting reproductive strategy that has been frequently exploited across the animal kingdom. Mammalian embryonic diapause is categorized as obligate and facultative and broadly divided into three phases entry into diapause maintenance and termination of diapause. Obligate diapause occurs in every gestation of some species while facultative diapause occurs in others associated with metabolic stress usually lactation. Embryonic diapause has been identified in over 100 animal species and the onset maintenance and escape from diapause are regulated by cascades of environmental hypophyseal ovarian and uterine mechanisms that vary among species and between the obligate and facultative animal. However the precise mechanisms by which the uterus exerts its influence on the embryo are still not clearly understood. Embryonic diapause is considered to be a permissive state for embryonic stem cell derivation thus its flexible occurrence in mammals opens new perspectives for reproductive and evolutionary biology. This review provides a deep insight about the prospects and possibilities of embryonic diapause in