tailieunhanh - Genomic selection in crop improvement – An overview

Genomic selection (GS) is a form of marker-assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used so that all quantitative trait loci (QTL) are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. With advances in molecular biology and marker technology, a new era of molecular breeding has emerged that has greatly accelerated the pace of plant breeding. Wholegenome prediction models estimate all marker effects in all loci and capture small QTL effects. Here, we review difference between MAS and Genomic selection (GS) along with GS models with respect to both the prediction accuracy and genetic gain from selection. | 2019 8 6 1529-1534 EXCELLENT PUBLISHERS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 06 2019 Journal homepage http Review Article https Genomic Selection in Crop Improvement - An Overview Nenavath Krishna Kumar Rathod1 Noor E. Mujjassim2 M. Mallik3 and . Nehru4 division of Genetics Indian Agricultural Research Institute Pusa Campus New Delhi India 2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK Bengaluru Karnataka India 3Division of Genetics Indian Agricultural Research Institute Pusa Campus New Delhi India 4AICRP on Sunflower UAS GKVK Bengaluru Karnataka India Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Genomic selection Linkage disequilibrium Polymorphism Article Info Accepted 12 May 2019 Available Online 10 June 2019 Genomic selection GS is a form of marker-assisted selection in which genetic markers covering the whole genome are used so that all quantitative trait loci QTL are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. With advances in molecular biology and marker technology a new era of molecular breeding has emerged that has greatly accelerated the pace of plant breeding. Wholegenome prediction models estimate all marker effects in all loci and capture small QTL effects. Here we review difference between MAS and Genomic selection GS along with GS models with respect to both the prediction accuracy and genetic gain from selection. Introduction Molecular mapping used to identify a molecular locus that resides very near or in the gene of interest. This locus can be used as a molecular marker for indirectly selecting the trait of interest. Various markers have been developed starting from first marker RFLP Restriction Fragment length polymorphism which was developed by Alec Jeffreys. Most of the economic traits are influenced by polygenes tracking a small number of these genes through DNA