tailieunhanh - Genome editing: Methods and application in plant pathology

emerging field Genome manipulation technology is one of emerging field which brings real revolution in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Genome editing technique is consistent for improving average yield to achieve the growing demands of world‟s existing food famine. Because of their advantages such as simplicity, efficiency, high specificity and amenability to multiplexing, genome editing technologies are revolutionizing the way crop breeding is done and paving the way for next generation breeding. In different areas including plant research, new breeding techniques are of great concern such as plant pathogen resistance, developmental biology and abiotic stress tolerance. Meganucleases (MNs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) are the four types of nucleases used in genome editing (Jaganathan et al., 2018). Homing endonuclease/meganuclease enzymes were the first among synthetic nucleases, to be used for genome editing purposes in plants, including Arabidopsis and maize. The recognition sites of homing endonucleases do not occur naturally in the plant genome, and this is the main limitation of these endonucleases as plant genome editing tools (Kumar & Jain, 2015). Chimeric restriction endonucleases were created as the first ZFNs and were shown to have in vitro activity. | EXCELLENT PUBLISHERS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 05 2019 Journal homepage http Review Article https Genome Editing Methods and Application in Plant Pathology Lokesh Yadav Promil Kapoor and Ashwani Kumar Department of Plant Pathology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar- 125004 India Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Genome editing Plant pathology Meganuclease Cas9___________ Article Info Accepted 12 April 2019 Available Online 10 May 2019 Genome manipulation technology is one of emerging field which brings real revolution in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Genome editing technique is consistent for improving average yield to achieve the growing demands of world s existing food famine. Because of their advantages such as simplicity efficiency high specificity and amenability to multiplexing genome editing technologies are revolutionizing the way crop breeding is done and paving the way for next generation breeding. In different areas including plant research new breeding techniques are of great concern such as plant pathogen resistance developmental biology and abiotic stress tolerance. Meganucleases MNs zinc finger nucleases ZFNs transcription activator-like effector nucleases TALENs and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR CRISPR associated protein 9 Cas9 are the four types of nucleases used in genome editing Jaganathan et al. 2018 . Homing endonuclease meganuclease enzymes were the first among synthetic nucleases to be used for genome editing purposes in plants including Arabidopsis and maize. The recognition sites of homing endonucleases do not occur naturally in the plant genome and this is the main limitation of these endonucleases as plant genome editing tools Kumar Jain 2015 . Chimeric restriction endonucleases were created as the first ZFNs and were shown to have in vitro activity. TALENs are