tailieunhanh - Improved bioavailability of timolol maleate via transdermal transfersomal gel: Statistical optimization, characterization, and pharmacokinetic assessment

Timolol maleate (TiM), a nonselective b-adrenergic blocker, is a potent highly effective agent for management of hypertension. The drug suffers from extensive first pass effect, resulting in a reduction of oral bioavailability (F%) to 50% and a short elimination half-life of 4 h; parameters necessitating its frequent administration. The current study was therefore, designed to formulate and optimize the transfersomal TiM gel for transdermal delivery. TiM loaded transfersomal gel was optimized using two 23 full factorial designs; where the effects of egg phosphatidyl choline (PC): surfactant (SAA) molar ratio, solvent volumetric ratio, and the drug amount were evaluated. The formulation variables; including particle size, drug entrapment efficiency (%EE), and release rate were characterized. The optimized transfersomal gel was prepared with PC:SAA molar ratio, 3:1 solvent volumetric ratio, and 13 mg drug amount with particle size of lm, %EE of , and a release rate of lg/cm2 /h. The permeation rate of the optimized formulation through the rat skin was excellent ( lg/cm2 /h) and showed four times increase in relative bioavailability with prolonged plasma profile up to 72 h compared with oral aqueous solution. In conclusion, a potential transfersomal transdermal system was successfully developed and the factorial design was found to be a smart tool, when optimized. | Improved bioavailability of timolol maleate via transdermal transfersomal gel: Statistical optimization, characterization, and pharmacokinetic assessment

• Y khoa - Dược
• Timolol maleate
• Factorial design
• Transdermal transfersomal gel
• Statistical optimization
• Pharmacokinetic assessment
• Tạp chí y học
• Nghiên cứu y học
• Dung dịch timolol maleate
• Trẻ nhũ nhi bị u máu vùng da đầu
• báo cáo khoa học
• báo cáo hóa học
• công trình nghiên cứu về hóa học
• tài liệu về hóa học
• cách trình bày báo cáo
• Drug Excretion
• Pharmacokinetic Modeling
• Risk Assessment
• Drug Resistance
• Cancer Cells
• Drug Discovery
• BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
• β lactam antibiotics
• Intensive care unit
• Carbapenem antibiotic
• Septic critically ill patients