tailieunhanh - Cracking the Toefl IBT 2009 edition part 45

Tuy nhiên, bạn có thể bỏ qua thắc mắc trong phần âm thanh, ví dụ, nếu bạn bỏ qua một câu hỏi trong phần đọc, bạn có thể quay trở lại khi bạn hoàn thành các câu hỏi trong phần đó. | 4 of 39 C C C C I 00 08 45 4. The word severely in the passage is closest in meaning to A occasionally B harshly C repeatedly D secretly Tho Veneration of Trees ll In The Golden Bough his classic catalog ol mythologies. Sir James George Frazer extensively documents the significance of trees in world religion. Hts chapters on tree spirits roam from Northern Europe to the Eastern Seaboard ol what is now the United Slates Io lhe islands ol lhe Pacific Despite the lack ol contact among these regions the veneration ol trees united them. The woods that covered large areas ol Europe and North America in particular were dif f cult to penetrate and dangerous to cross II was not a great mental leap lor people to see the trees that populated them as embodiments ol lhe natural forces that governed their lives On the basis ol Frazer s classification one can derive three loose stages of tree worship In lhe first a society sees the tree as the physical body ol lhe spirit that inhabits it. much as lhe human body can be seen as housing the mind II is known that both lhe Celtic and the Germanic tribes that inhabited ancient Northern Europe regarded certain trees as sacred setting them apart by species as the Druids worshipped oaks or by location lhe way certain natural groves were regarded as natural temples or sacred spaces in what is now Germany Early on. each ol these trees was regarded as an animate being with both spirit and body. It had a distinct identity like an individual person This suggests that it was believed to have the same impulses and reactions as lhe people who venerated it Accordingly ancient peoples had elaborate taboos designed Io avoid causing ollense to trees These taboos were taken very seriously In some places one could be punished severely lor injuring lhe bark ot a tree or stealing its fruit. Before a tree was felled for human use. woodcutters m many world cultures would oiler it both apologies and thanks lor the resources il was about to provide them .