tailieunhanh - Communication across cultures

This paper study of communication must account for the significance of culture. Studies of communication in one culture and across cultures have led to the technological terms of intra-cultural communication, intercultural communication, and cross-cultural communication. | T1p chÝ Khoa hac hqghn ngo 1i ng- Sè 4 2006 COmmUNICATION ACROSS CULTURES 1. Introduction. Communication culture and the correlation between them have become a topic of great interest to many researchers. Among them Trugill 1983 Canale 1983 Wolfson 1983 Richards et al. 1985 1992 Wierzbicka 1991 Saville-Troike 1986 1996 Ting-Toomey 1988 2005 Blommaert 1991 Chick 1996 Kramsch 1998 Byram Fleming 1998 Samovar Eporter 2001 Gipson 2002 Quang 2002 2003 Thomson 2003 Ting-Toomey Chung 2005 are just a few popular names. So what is communication What is culture And what is the correlation between them With regard to communication Richards et al. 1992 64 defines it as the exchange of ideas information etc. between two or more persons This sharing of ideas happens not only through the use of language . verbal communication but also through nonverbal factors . nonverbal communication Saville- Troike 1986 Gibson 2002 Quang 2002 2003 . Verbal communication is realized through two codes writing and speaking with intra-linguistic factors . lexicon grammar rules phonetic rules or rules of language use whereas non-verbal communication refers to paralinguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Para-linguistic factors include vocal characteristics . pitch volume . types of vocal flow vocal interferences and silence. Extra-linguistic Nguyen Quang Ngoan factors consist of body language . eye contact facial expressions gestures postures . object language . clothing make-up . and environmental language . setting conversational distance time . . Culture can be defined differently from different perspectives. In the anthropological sense culture is meant to consider any aspect of the ideas communications or behaviors of a group of people which gives them a distinctive identity and which is used to organize their internal sense of cohesion and membership Scollon and Scollon 2001 39-140 cited in Thomson 2003 20 . In other words culture is the total set of beliefs .

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